diff --git a/vertex_cover/src/filtered.rs b/vertex_cover/src/filtered.rs
index 55ca7c1..cab88f4 100644
--- a/vertex_cover/src/filtered.rs
+++ b/vertex_cover/src/filtered.rs
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ pub fn binary_edge(graph: &Graph, k: u16, v: HashSet<u16>) -> Option<HashSet<u16
 }
 
 pub fn binary_vertex(graph: &Graph, k: u16, v: HashSet<u16>) -> Option<HashSet<u16>> {
-    let vertex = match graph.get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_grater(&v, 2) {
+    let vertex = match graph.get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_greater(&v, 2) {
         Some(vertex) => vertex,
         None => {
             return {
                 let mut v3 = v;
                 let mut c = 0;
-                while let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_grater(&v3, 1) {
+                while let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_greater(&v3, 1) {
                     v3.insert(vertex);
                     c += 1;
                 }
diff --git a/vertex_cover/src/main.rs b/vertex_cover/src/main.rs
index c6a6fb9..aec5c03 100644
--- a/vertex_cover/src/main.rs
+++ b/vertex_cover/src/main.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 mod filtered;
+mod owned;
 
 fn parse(filename: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Graph {
     let content = std::fs::read_to_string(filename).unwrap();
@@ -50,6 +51,10 @@ impl Graph {
         }
     }
 
+    fn num_vertices(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.edge_list.len() as u16
+    }
+
     fn add_edge(&mut self, from: u16, to: u16) {
         self.edge_list[(from) as usize].push(to);
         self.edge_list[(to) as usize].push(from);
@@ -99,7 +104,7 @@ impl Graph {
         })
     }
 
-    fn get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_grater(
+    fn get_vertex_filtered_with_degree_greater(
         &self,
         v: &HashSet<u16>,
         min_degree: u16,
@@ -109,10 +114,27 @@ impl Graph {
     }
 }
 
-fn vertex_cover(graph: &Graph, k: u16, method: Method) -> Option<HashSet<u16>> {
+fn vertex_cover(graph: &Graph, k: u16, method: Method) -> Option<Vec<u16>> {
     match method {
-        Method::Edge => filtered::binary_edge(graph, k, HashSet::new()),
-        Method::Vertex => filtered::binary_vertex(graph, k, HashSet::new()),
+        Method::Edge => {
+            let r = filtered::binary_edge(graph, k, HashSet::new());
+
+            r.map(|mut r| r.drain().collect())
+        }
+        Method::Vertex => {
+            let r = filtered::binary_vertex(graph, k, HashSet::new());
+            r.map(|mut r| r.drain().collect())
+        }
+        Method::OwnedVertex => {
+            let mut g = owned::Graph::new(graph);
+
+            owned::binary_vertex(&mut g, k)
+        }
+        Method::Reduction => {
+            let mut g = owned::Graph::new(graph);
+
+            owned::reduction(&mut g, k)
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -120,6 +142,8 @@ fn vertex_cover(graph: &Graph, k: u16, method: Method) -> Option<HashSet<u16>> {
 enum Method {
     Edge,
     Vertex,
+    OwnedVertex,
+    Reduction,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Parser)]
@@ -152,7 +176,8 @@ fn main() {
         }
     };
 
-    if let Some(solution) = result {
+    if let Some(mut solution) = result {
+        solution.sort();
         println!("{}", solution.len());
 
         for n in solution {
diff --git a/vertex_cover/src/owned.rs b/vertex_cover/src/owned.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5661b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vertex_cover/src/owned.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Vertex {
+    name: u16,
+    edges: Vec<u16>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Graph {
+    index: Vec<u16>,
+    vertices: Vec<Vertex>,
+    stack: Vec<Vertex>,
+}
+
+impl Graph {
+    pub fn new(g: &crate::Graph) -> Self {
+        let mut vertices: Vec<_> = (0..g.num_vertices())
+            .map(|i| Vertex {
+                name: i,
+                edges: Vec::new(),
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        for (start, s) in g.edge_list.iter().enumerate() {
+            vertices[start].edges.extend_from_slice(s);
+        }
+
+        Self {
+            index: (0..g.num_vertices()).collect(),
+            vertices,
+            stack: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.vertices.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    fn remove_vertex(&mut self, v: u16) -> &Vertex {
+        let i = self.index[v as usize];
+        // dbg!(&self.index, v, i);
+        let vertex = self.vertices.swap_remove(i as usize);
+
+        assert_eq!(vertex.name, v);
+
+        if (i as usize) < self.vertices.len() {
+            self.index[self.vertices[i as usize].name as usize] = i;
+        }
+
+        for &e in &vertex.edges {
+            let i = self.index[e as usize];
+            self.vertices[i as usize].edges.retain(|&o| o != v);
+        }
+        // dbg!(&self.index);
+
+        self.stack.push(vertex);
+
+        self.stack.last().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn reinsert_vertices(&mut self, n: usize) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Vertex> {
+        for _ in 0..n {
+            let v = self.stack.pop().unwrap();
+            for &e in &v.edges {
+                let i = self.index[e as usize];
+                self.vertices[i as usize].edges.push(v.name);
+            }
+
+            self.index[v.name as usize] = self.vertices.len() as u16;
+            self.vertices.push(v);
+        }
+
+        self.vertices[(self.vertices.len() - n)..].iter()
+    }
+
+    fn get_vertex_with_degree_greater(&self, min_degree: u16) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.vertices
+            .iter()
+            .find(|&v| v.edges.len() >= min_degree as usize)
+            .map(|v| v.name)
+    }
+
+    fn get_vertex_with_degree(&self, degree: u16) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.vertices
+            .iter()
+            .find(|&v| v.edges.len() == degree as usize)
+            .map(|v| v.name)
+    }
+
+    fn get_edges(&self, v: u16) -> impl Iterator<Item = u16> + '_ {
+        let i = self.index[v as usize];
+        self.vertices[i as usize].edges.iter().copied()
+    }
+
+    fn get_edge(&self, v: u16) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.get_edges(v).next()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn binary_vertex(graph: &mut Graph, k: u16) -> Option<Vec<u16>> {
+    let vertex = match graph.get_vertex_with_degree_greater(2) {
+        Some(vertex) => vertex,
+        None => {
+            return {
+                let mut c = 0;
+                while let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_with_degree_greater(1) {
+                    graph.remove_vertex(vertex);
+                    c += 1;
+                }
+
+                if c <= k {
+                    Some(
+                        graph
+                            .reinsert_vertices(c as usize)
+                            .map(|v| v.name)
+                            .collect(),
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    let _ = graph.reinsert_vertices(c as usize);
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    if k == 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    graph.remove_vertex(vertex);
+
+    match binary_vertex(graph, k - 1) {
+        Some(mut s) => {
+            s.push(vertex);
+            Some(s)
+        }
+        None => {
+            let _ = graph.reinsert_vertices(1);
+            let num_neighbors = graph.get_edges(vertex).count();
+
+            if num_neighbors <= k as usize {
+                let mut c = 0;
+                while let Some(e) = graph.get_edge(vertex) {
+                    graph.remove_vertex(e);
+                    c += 1;
+                }
+                let mut r = binary_vertex(graph, k - c);
+                if let Some(r) = &mut r {
+                    r.extend(graph.reinsert_vertices(c as usize).map(|v| v.name));
+                } else {
+                    let _ = graph.reinsert_vertices(c as usize);
+                }
+                r
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn reduction(graph: &mut Graph, k: u16) -> Option<Vec<u16>> {
+    if let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_with_degree(0) {
+        graph.remove_vertex(vertex);
+
+        let r = reduction(graph, k);
+
+        let _ = graph.reinsert_vertices(1);
+
+        r
+    } else if k == 0 {
+        if graph.is_empty() {
+            Some(Vec::new())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    } else if let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_with_degree(1) {
+        let neighbor = graph.get_edge(vertex).unwrap();
+
+        graph.remove_vertex(neighbor);
+        let mut r = reduction(graph, k - 1);
+
+        let i = graph.reinsert_vertices(1);
+
+        if let Some(r) = &mut r {
+            r.extend(i.map(|v| v.name));
+        }
+
+        r
+    } else if let Some(vertex) = graph.get_vertex_with_degree_greater(2) {
+        graph.remove_vertex(vertex);
+
+        match reduction(graph, k - 1) {
+            Some(mut s) => {
+                let i = graph.reinsert_vertices(1);
+                s.extend(i.map(|v| v.name));
+                Some(s)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let _ = graph.reinsert_vertices(1);
+                let num_neighbors = graph.get_edges(vertex).count();
+
+                if num_neighbors <= k as usize {
+                    let mut c = 0;
+                    while let Some(e) = graph.get_edge(vertex) {
+                        graph.remove_vertex(e);
+                        c += 1;
+                    }
+                    let mut r = reduction(graph, k - c);
+
+                    let i = graph.reinsert_vertices(c as usize);
+                    if let Some(r) = &mut r {
+                        r.extend(i.map(|v| v.name));
+                    }
+                    r
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}